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Wings Of The Soviets: Catching Up With America On The Seagull GAZ-13

2024

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Video: Wings Of The Soviets: Catching Up With America On The Seagull GAZ-13

Video: Wings Of The Soviets: Catching Up With America On The Seagull GAZ-13
Video: Soviet Military Song | Парни Обыкновенные | Ordinary Guys (Red Army Choir) [English lyrics] 2024, March
Wings Of The Soviets: Catching Up With America On The Seagull GAZ-13
Wings Of The Soviets: Catching Up With America On The Seagull GAZ-13
Anonim
Чайка ГАЗ 13
Чайка ГАЗ 13

Seagull GAZ 13 Seagull GAZ 13

Communist Labor Drummer

By 1959, the race between the USA and the USSR acquired a wide social character. Superpowers - rivals in the atomic topic and space exploration - began to demonstrate to each other achievements in areas closer to the lives of ordinary citizens. In 1959, the Soviet exhibition in New York and the American in Moscow, in Sokolniki, were held. Both, among other things, demonstrated the achievements of the automotive industry.

In New York, in particular, the GAZ 13 Chaika was introduced (mass production of the car began in January, and was first shown abroad in 1958, in Brussels). Of course, the Soviet representative sedan did not make much impression on the American public, especially since it openly resembled the 1955 Packard. But American influence then affected almost all manufacturers. And in Europe, almost no one made Chaika class cars, except Rolls-Royce and the French company Facel.

Строгость и выдержанность салона поддерживает отделка серым цветом
Строгость и выдержанность салона поддерживает отделка серым цветом

The severity and consistency of the interior is supported by the gray finish. The severity and consistency of the interior is supported by the gray finish.

И не ленились же гравировать надписи к крутилкам и рычажкам
И не ленились же гравировать надписи к крутилкам и рычажкам

And they were not too lazy to engrave the inscriptions on the twists and levers! And they were not too lazy to engrave the inscriptions on the twists and levers!

Забавно, что показания спидометра в десять раз меньше истинной скорости
Забавно, что показания спидометра в десять раз меньше истинной скорости

It's funny that the speedometer is ten times less than the true speed. It's funny that the speedometer is ten times less than the true speed.

Под роскошным по тем временам приемником - управление системой вентиляции
Под роскошным по тем временам приемником - управление системой вентиляции

Under the luxurious receiver at that time - control the ventilation system. Under the luxurious receiver at that time - control the ventilation system.

Кнопочное управление коробкой передач - шик конца 1950 х. Режим Т - для тяжелых условий: когда не включается высшая передача. Режима парковки нет, так что о ручнике забывать нельзя ни в коем случае
Кнопочное управление коробкой передач - шик конца 1950 х. Режим Т - для тяжелых условий: когда не включается высшая передача. Режима парковки нет, так что о ручнике забывать нельзя ни в коем случае

Push-button gearbox control - chic of the late 1950s. T mode - for severe conditions: when top gear does not engage. There is no parking mode, so you should not forget about the parking brake in any case. Push-button gearbox control - chic of the late 1950s. T mode - for severe conditions: when top gear does not engage. There is no parking mode, so you should not forget about the parking brake in any case.

For the USSR, Seagull, along with the main "member" ZIL 111, was a truly revolutionary machine. It was strikingly different from the ZIM, attempts to modernize which led to the creation of a completely new car. True, the “bird” on the radiator grille first appeared on a prototype of the upgraded GAZ 12 ZIM, but GAZ 13 did not inherit anything else from its predecessor. But got a 195 hp V8 engine (the prototype was a 180 horsepower engine), an automatic transmission with push-button shifting, power steering and brakes, power windows. A spacious body with a length of 5600 mm rested on an X-shaped frame. But the GAZ-13 did not have an air conditioner, unlike its American counterparts.

Инструкция по эксплуатации столь же основательна, как и сама Чайка
Инструкция по эксплуатации столь же основательна, как и сама Чайка

The instruction manual is as thorough as the Seagull itself. The instruction manual is as thorough as the Seagull itself.

Cars well illustrate the era in which they were born. A Seagull just perfectly symbolizes its time. Gagarin has not yet flown into space, but the Soviet satellite has already shaken the world. Just in 1959, the Soviet station Luna 3 first took photos of the mysterious back of the Earth's satellite. In the USSR, the production of the first own transistor receiver, Atmosphere, began, and the first secretary Khrushchev flew to Washington at the latest TU 114. There were other notable changes in the country - the era of mass housing construction began. The unpretentious panel houses, which were later called the Khrushchevs, became for many salvation from basements and barracks of dormitories. No one imagined that they would stand for half a century! And to all this - a new Soviet car, generously decorated with chrome, solid, massive, but at the same time impetuous.

WINGED FAMILY

GAZ 13 prototypes appeared in 1958, mass production started in early 1959. The car was equipped with a V8 engine (5.53 liters, 195 hp) and a three-speed automatic transmission. The maximum speed is 160 km / h.

In addition to standard sedans, GAZ 13A limousines with an internal partition, GAZ 13B convertibles, sanitary wagons for servicing GAZ 13C high-ranking patients, which were manufactured by the RAF plant, were made in small quantities. Cameraman cars were also built with a massive platform in front of the front bumper and a removable awning over the rear of the roof. Such machines, in particular, were produced in Chernigov, at the Kinotekhnika plant. In total, until April 1981, 3179 cars were assembled.

ГАЗ 13С
ГАЗ 13С

GAZ 13C GAZ 13C

Прототип ГАЗ 13, 1958 год
Прототип ГАЗ 13, 1958 год

GAZ 13 prototype, 1958 GAZ 13 prototype, 1958

Киносъемочная Чайка ОСАД 3
Киносъемочная Чайка ОСАД 3

Movie-shooting Seagull of OSAD 3 Movie-shooting Seagull of OSAD 3

ГАЗ 13Б
ГАЗ 13Б

GAZ 13B GAZ 13B

Badge of honor

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GAZ-12 ZIM: party nickname

The huge "eight" rumbles with low baritone. I press the button with the letter D - and I feel a slight jolt: the first one turned on. Gently release the brake pedal … Acceleration of the Seagull is not striking in its swiftness: 195 forces for more than two tons of curb weight are a little by today's standards. But the car is gaining confidence. And no one demanded sports acceleration from a huge sedan, especially from this.

The driving habits of the Seagull quite logically resemble American peers. The car gently damps any irregularities, noticeably heels in corners, but with careful taxiing it carefully and, most importantly, skillfully provides passengers with comfort. The driver, of course, too, but although he sits on the same massive soft sofa and operates with just two pedals, he still works. To enter a long sedan into turns is not easy, especially with no habit. The performance of the power steering pump depends on the engine speed - noticeably harder on small wheels than on high ones. At some point, the steering wheel seems to “bite”, and suddenly it suddenly becomes light. The brakes are quite effective, and the pedal is tight and addictive.

Не столько роскошь, сколько строгость и солидность. Тут место серьезным пассажирам
Не столько роскошь, сколько строгость и солидность. Тут место серьезным пассажирам

Not so much luxury as rigor and solidity. There is a place for serious passengers. Not so much luxury as rigor and solidity. There is a place for serious passengers.

Несмотря на наличие откидных страпонтенов, большинство Чаек не имело перегородки в салоне, то есть они были седанами, а не лимузинами
Несмотря на наличие откидных страпонтенов, большинство Чаек не имело перегородки в салоне, то есть они были седанами, а не лимузинами

Despite the presence of folding strap-ons, most Seagulls did not have partitions in the cabin, that is, they were sedans, not limousines. Despite the presence of folding strap-ons, most Seagulls did not have partitions in the cabin, that is, they were sedans, not limousines.

Еще одно достижение советского автопрома - электростеклоподъемники
Еще одно достижение советского автопрома - электростеклоподъемники

Another achievement of the Soviet automobile industry is power windows. Another achievement of the Soviet automobile industry is power windows.

But this is not the main thing. The main difference from the American counterparts is that the Seagull, with its strict interior trimmed in gray, the colors of the officer’s formal overcoat of the times of the USSR, cloth, does not at all condone frivolity inspired by cars made in the USA.

No wonder, because Seagull could not be bought - it could only be earned. According to legend, the USSR government presented several cars to Soviet celebrities, but also, rather, not as private individuals, but as living symbols of the power of socialism. A small number of the "thirteenth" worked in the registry offices and Intourist, where they pleased the newlyweds and served high-ranking guests. But the overwhelming majority of Seagulls in the USSR were accompanied by a highly qualified laconic driver, a “uniform” of certainly a gray cloak, coat, suit, hat and astrakhan hat, a spacious apartment (not at all in Khrushchev) with a housekeeper in addition, a cottage behind a high fence and rest in a privileged sanatoriums. The severity and constancy of the interior of the Seagull was in perfect harmony with a huge cabinet with a massive table and oak panels on the walls, decorated with strict portraits. Therefore, in this car there is no place for the familiarity of diversity, characteristic of its overseas peers.

Field task

Who would have imagined that the 1959 novelty, which fits perfectly, as they say now, with the trend of automobile progress at the turn of the 1950s and 1960s, will be stuck in time, like Chelyuskin in ice?

Справа от двигателя - «гармонь» усилителя тормозов, сжимающаяся и разжимающаяся при работе
Справа от двигателя - «гармонь» усилителя тормозов, сжимающаяся и разжимающаяся при работе

To the right of the engine is the “accordion” of the brake booster, which is compressed and expanded during operation. To the right of the engine is the “accordion” of the brake booster, which is compressed and expanded during operation.

The new, relatively young leader of the USSR, who replaced Nikita Sergeyevich, managed to grow old and grow old, heels of US presidents were replaced. Not only Gagarin, but also crews of several people flew into space. The Soviet Union and the American Apollo even docked in orbit. The USSR was flooded with quite modern Zhiguli for the 1970s. Even the Volga and ZIL became completely different, and in Gorky they continued - until 1981! - slowly (about a hundred and fifty a year) to assemble GAZ 13, whose design already looked like a museum. However, the traditional passengers of Seagulls did not change much. Therefore, in those years, I could not imagine that someday I would get so close acquainted with a space-inaccessible car: I would sit behind the wheel and even on the nomenclature back sofa. But after all, met!

Автомобили хорошо иллюстрируют эпоху, в которой родились. А Чайка просто идеально символизирует свое время
Автомобили хорошо иллюстрируют эпоху, в которой родились. А Чайка просто идеально символизирует свое время

Cars well illustrate the era in which they were born. A Seagull just perfectly symbolizes its time. Cars well illustrate the era in which they were born. A Seagull just perfectly symbolizes its time.

The editors thank Andrey and Evgeny Zharinov for the provided car.

SCREEN IMAGE

For several decades, Seagulls played in domestic cinema many episodic, but noticeable roles. As a rule, they carried positive leaders of a large rank - civilians and military, sometimes diplomats. Sometimes black cars just flickered on the streets, prompting the guards to hastily take under the hood.

«Тридцать три», 1965 год
«Тридцать три», 1965 год

Thirty Three, 1965 Thirty Three, 1965

«Июльский дождь», 1966 год
«Июльский дождь», 1966 год

July rain, 1966 July rain, 1966

«Укрощение огня», 1972 год
«Укрощение огня», 1972 год

The Taming of Fire, 1972 The Taming of Fire, 1972

«Тема», 1979 год
«Тема», 1979 год

Theme, 1979 Theme, 1979

«Родня», 1981 год
«Родня», 1981 год

“Relatives”, 1981 “Relatives”, 1981

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