The expansion of the borders of Moscow almost to the borders of the Kaluga region is not just a mechanical annexation of land. Social and economic relations within the Moscow conglomeration should change, and centers of business activity will shift towards the region. The organization of cargo and passenger flows, transport infrastructure - all this must comply with metropolitan standards. The new territory of Moscow with such key parameters as area, population and development fund is represented by diagram 1.
The population of Moscow, taking into account the annexed territory in the southwestern sector, will increase by 250 thousand people. The expansion of the city’s borders will occur in the western, south-western and southern directions - mainly due to the territory limited by the Kiev and Warsaw Highways, as well as the large ring of the Moscow Railway.
The choice of this territory is due to a number of reasons: the optimal location for fulfilling Moscow's metropolitan functions in terms of a combination of urban, transport, and environmental factors; the relatively weak urbanization of this sector of the Moscow region. To implement the project, it is necessary, first of all, to create engineering networks, then pave the roads, and then already begin to build everything else. While there is no official concept for the development of a new territory, therefore, any reasoning is a fortune-telling on coffee grounds. Nevertheless, commercial real estate can be represented on the basis of the zonal principle. In the nearest belt to Moscow it is more logical to concentrate office real estate. In the middle zone is the trading segment. And, finally, to give the third zone bordering the Kaluga region to industrial real estate, and use the neighbor’s experience in creating a favorable environment for investment and the construction of industrial parks, focusing on small and medium-sized enterprises.
The most popular in the segment of commercial real estate will be shopping and shopping centers as part of the development of infrastructure in new residential areas. Also in the territories adjacent to the federal highways leading to the airports of Vnukovo and Domodedovo, the construction of large logistics centers and industrial parks is possible. In addition, due to the new territories, it will be possible to withdraw from the center of Moscow a number of state institutions, banks, commercial structures, social facilities and thus relieve the historical center of the city.
Opinion
Oleg Grebenko, CEO of AsstrA Transport
- Changes in traffic directly affect the operating mode of our Moscow automobile company Asstra Cargo LLC, which is engaged in the transportation of dangerous goods on domestic routes and in Moscow. Today it is difficult to say whether the technology of our work in Moscow will significantly change, since it is not entirely clear what restrictive measures will be introduced. It is impossible to imagine a stop of delivery of medical gases to hospitals in the daytime, which is carried out by our motor transport. In addition, the base of our fleet is in the zone of traffic restrictions. I hope that a special mode of operation will be provided for the motor transport enterprises of Moscow, because the delivery of goods in Moscow cannot be canceled. As for environmental requirements, our transport fully complies with the declared standards, our cars have been operating for no more than 5 years and comply with the standards from Euro-3 to Euro-5.
The lack of transport infrastructure will hamper the development of these territories. Therefore, the solution of the transport problem and the creation of infrastructure corresponding to the needs of residents of the capital city are fundamental. A large percentage of residents of such areas work in Moscow. If the metro is led to a new district, the quality of roads is improved, and a network of social amenities is created, then the residents of this region will be able to spend a satisfactory amount of time on their work and back. The development of elements of urban infrastructure will entail the creation of new jobs and an increase in the level of comfort in these areas. It will also significantly increase the attractiveness of the new “Moscow” district for new settlers and business representatives, will give an additional impetus to the further development of the territory, but will also create an additional load on transport.
The plans of the capital’s authorities include the transfer of a significant part of state institutions outside the Moscow Ring Road. Consequently, offices will be needed for both officials and companies, which are closely related to these structures by the nature of their business. Therefore, the office component in these territories will be quite in demand.
If the current policy of the city leadership continues in the future, the construction of office space in the "old" Moscow will be limited. Projects that already have a building permit are likely to be completed, and new permits are unlikely to be issued. Therefore, the south-western direction seems quite promising for developers who are engaged in the construction of offices. Experts estimate the need for joining territories in offices at 5-10 million square meters. m
one
Now in the territory of New Moscow only 250 thousand people live. For seven to eight years, the number of residents in the territories connected to the capital may increase by another 600 thousand people. And all this population, of course, will feel the need for various kinds of goods and services. The need for merging territories in retail space is 1.2–1.5 million square meters. m, or about 20-25 shopping centers. For new territories it is advisable to build shopping centers of regional scale.
The south-west direction for warehouse real estate developers was one of the highest priorities even before the accession of new territories. However, before the crisis, the cost of land was too high for large logistics projects. Nevertheless, such large complexes as MTsL-Podolsk, Krekshino, PNK-Vnukovo are completely filled with tenants, which indicates a high demand for high-quality storage facilities. And if there is demand, there will be a new supply in the south-west direction in the near future. The issue of preparing land for construction takes from 1 to 2 years, now many warehouse developers are considering the purchase of such land for projects or are already acquiring them. From the end of 2012 - beginning of 2022, new complexes will be commissioned, including large logistics parks, the demand for which has already been confirmed.
The decision to develop a transport system is quite pragmatic and is related to how many people need to be transported. Over 50 thousand people per hour is the metro, up to 30 thousand people are high-speed trams, and the rest is motor transport. In the new territory, it is planned to build new and reconstruct existing motorways, maximize the development of railways and the construction of light rail lines and automobile cross-links between them.
Transport support of the new Moscow is carried out on three main highways. This is the Kaluga and Kiev highway, as well as the federal highway M-2 "Crimea". Out of competition here, of course, Kaluzhka, the reconstruction project of which at the intersection with the Moscow Ring Road has already been developed and is currently undergoing public hearings. Next, project documentation will be developed, and then the implementation of the project itself will follow. It is assumed that there will be five lanes in each direction on the renewed Kaluga highway. At the same time, one of them will be allocated for public transport.
In addition, there must be local passages. When developing new planning projects, they tried to take into account the problems that exist on the territory of old Moscow - for this, due to local thoroughfares, it is supposed to unload the main highways and intersections as much as possible.
As for the Kiev highway, up to Aprelevka it has already been reconstructed and meets the necessary technical requirements. But this route must be brought to modern conditions and further, up to the borders with the Kaluga region.
An important road is designed to ensure the connection of two transport interchange nodes (TPU), which are planned to be created on the basis of metro stations under construction and design. Lesoparkovaya station is now under construction in the MKAD area, and in the future, Rumyantsevo station will appear in this direction. They should be connected by the road, which is designed under the title Butovo - Solntsevo. At the same time, it will connect the Kiev highway and the Crimea highway. In addition, a variant of its connection with the Borovsky highway is being studied. Thus, Moscow will receive a highway running parallel to the Moscow Ring Road and allowing to some extent to unload the ring road. In the future, this highway can become one of the main in the associated territories also because it runs in the Kommunarka area. Whatever there is built in the future, including the new federal or business center, the road will fulfill the mission assigned to it. By the way, it is planned to conduct an experiment on the creation of dedicated lanes for public transport, not on the sides, but in the center of the highway in order to ensure a faster speed. As for the TPU themselves near the metro stations Lesoparkovaya and Rumyantsevo, they will also play an important role in solving the transport problem, since there will be a large parking space for several thousand cars. Thus, it will be possible to largely remove the load on the road network of old Moscow and provide comfortable access for all motorists.
2
Another cross link should connect the airports of Vnukovo, Ostafyevo (now Gazprom Airport) and Domodedovo. Currently, options are being developed for passing this route. There are certain difficulties, since there are not so many free territories for the development of the road network. Of great importance for the development of transport infrastructure in new Moscow is the Central Ring Road (TsKAD). In connection with the expansion of the borders of Moscow, the authorities decided to speed up the construction of this road. Until December 1, 2012, a site should be designed on the territory to be annexed to Moscow. And by January 1, 2014 the state-owned Avtodor company will begin its construction.
For Moscow, the Central Ring Road will be a salvation, since it will help relieve the capital from transit transport. It will pass 50 km from the Moscow Ring Road. It is planned that on the highway there will be from 4 to 8 lanes in each direction, and the estimated speed is 100-140 km / h. However, while the rules allowed no more than 110 km / h.
The construction of the Central Ring Road will help to avoid transport problems in the connected territories. We are talking about the first launch complex - from the intersection with the federal highway M-4 "Don" to the highway M-1 "Belarus". The length of the plot is 118.8 km. Since the fare here will be paid, a free understudy is provided - the A-107 highway (Scheme 2).
According to the project, the new route will rely on the existing small and large rings (the so-called first and second “concrete blocks”) and will partially pass along the Moscow-Minsk and Moscow-St. Petersburg highways.
In total, the Central Ring Road is divided into 5 launch complexes. The construction of each will go in two stages. At first, they will lay 4 strips, and as traffic intensifies, additional ones will be added.
