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On some powerful sports cars, for better controllability, electronically controlled couplings are integrated not only between the axles, but also between the wheels. However, this is unprofitable, and therefore, on most machines, the differential lock is imitated by electronics, grabbing excessively fast wheels with brake mechanisms.
On land rovers, depending on the type of coating chosen by the driver, the Terrain Response proprietary system not only controls the multi-plate clutch, but also sets the force on the gas pedal and steering wheel, the algorithm of the engine and gearbox. Most likely, others will soon borrow such a scheme. Similar algorithms are implemented in the Peugeot-3008 transmission
On land rovers, depending on the type of coating chosen by the driver, the Terrain Response proprietary system not only controls the multi-plate clutch, but also sets the force on the gas pedal and steering wheel, the algorithm of the engine and gearbox. Most likely, others will soon borrow such a scheme. Similar algorithms are implemented in the Peugeot-3008 transmission. On land rovers, depending on the type of coating chosen by the driver, the Terrain Response proprietary system not only controls the multi-plate clutch, but also sets the force on the gas pedal and steering wheel, the algorithm of the engine and gearbox. Most likely, others will soon borrow such a scheme. Similar algorithms are implemented in the Peugeot-3008 transmission.
Hey aft
Ten years after the registration of all-wheel drive on asphalt, the next important chapter appeared in its history. Japanese designers entered it, creating an active cross-axle differential AYC (Active Yaw Control). Two gears are built into the drive of the right wheel: increasing and decreasing rotation speed. They are switched on by multi-plate clutches at the command of the electronics alternately - depending on which direction the car is turning. As a result, one shaft can spin faster or slower than the other. As a result, instead of the expected drift, we obtain the following trajectory.
Like many systems, active differentials design and customize to the character of the car. The active differential AYC "Lancera Evolution" company "Mitsubishi" created to drive to the limit. Honda was preparing its transmission with an electronic differential SH-AWD (Super Handling All-Wheel Drive system) for a comfortable large sedan Legend. Its purpose is to provide the most transparent and safe controllability, effectively using the potential of a 300-horsepower engine
Like many systems, active differentials design and customize to the character of the car. The active differential AYC "Lancera Evolution" company "Mitsubishi" created to drive to the limit. Honda was preparing its transmission with an electronic differential SH-AWD (Super Handling All-Wheel Drive system) for a comfortable large sedan Legend. Its purpose is to provide the most transparent and safe controllability, effectively using the potential of a 300-horsepower engine. Like many systems, active differentials design and customize to the character of the car. The active differential AYC "Lancera Evolution" company "Mitsubishi" created to drive to the limit. Honda was preparing its transmission with an electronic differential SH-AWD (Super Handling All-Wheel Drive system) for a comfortable large sedan Legend. Its purpose is to provide the most transparent and safe controllability, effectively using the potential of a 300-horsepower engine.
Depending on the concept of the car, the active differential can provide precise control in sports modes or, on the contrary, be proactive, creating maximum driving comfort and safety. True, such designs are complex and expensive, and therefore implemented only on expensive models.
The BMW Dynamic Active Control rear differential is reminiscent of Mitsubishi's AYC principle of operation. Only here there are two increase the transmission speed - on the shaft of the right and left wheels. And disk clutches compress not hydraulic drives, but electric motors. But the effect is the same: the car not only does not slide off the trajectory longer, but also brakes and moves more confidently, especially on a mixed race. Of course, the active differential works in close contact with the advanced DSC stabilization system
The BMW Dynamic Active Control rear differential is reminiscent of Mitsubishi's AYC principle of operation. Only here there are two increase the transmission speed - on the shaft of the right and left wheels. And disk clutches compress not hydraulic drives, but electric motors. But the effect is the same: the car not only does not slide off the trajectory longer, but also brakes and moves more confidently, especially on a mixed race. Of course, the active differential works in close contact with the advanced DSC stabilization system. The BMW Dynamic Active Control rear differential is reminiscent of Mitsubishi's AYC principle of operation. Only here there are two increase the transmission speed - on the shaft of the right and left wheels. And disk clutches compress not hydraulic drives, but electric motors. But the effect is the same: the car not only does not slide off the trajectory longer, but also brakes and moves more confidently, especially on a mixed race. Of course, the active differential works in close contact with the advanced DSC stabilization system.
Has no discrediting connections
With the advent of hybrids, designs become … easier. At least with regard to all-wheel drive schemes. After all, you can save space and weight by removing the transfer case and the driveshaft, and the rear wheels will provide electric motor traction. And it’s not at all necessary to make it powerful - two or three tens of kilowatts is enough to move a one and a half ton car at low speeds and to help a gas or diesel engine during acceleration or when driving on a bad road.
Peugeot 3008 was the first hybrid with a diesel-electric drive. A two-liter 163-horsepower diesel engine drives the front wheels, and a 37-horsepower electric motor drives the rear wheels. It is noteworthy that the Hybrid4 all-wheel drive transmission can work in three modes: a purely electric rear-wheel drive, a diesel front-wheel drive and in the 4 × 4 variant, when the front axle stalls. 1 - electric motor; 2 - nickel metal hydride batteries; 3 - power control unit; 4 - transmission control unit; 5 - system "start-stop"; 6 - automatic transmission; 7 - diesel engine
Peugeot 3008 was the first hybrid with a diesel-electric drive. A two-liter 163-horsepower diesel engine drives the front wheels, and a 37-horsepower electric motor drives the rear wheels. It is noteworthy that the Hybrid4 all-wheel drive transmission can work in three modes: a purely electric rear-wheel drive, a diesel front-wheel drive and in the 4 × 4 variant, when the front axle stalls. 1 - electric motor; 2 - nickel metal hydride batteries; 3 - power control unit; 4 - transmission control unit; 5 - system "start-stop"; 6 - automatic transmission; 7 - diesel engine. Peugeot 3008 was the first hybrid with a diesel-electric drive. A two-liter 163-horsepower diesel engine drives the front wheels, and a 37-horsepower electric motor drives the rear wheels. It is noteworthy that the Hybrid4 all-wheel drive transmission can work in three modes: a purely electric rear-wheel drive, a diesel front-wheel drive and in the 4 × 4 variant, when the front axle stalls. 1 - electric motor; 2 - nickel metal hydride batteries; 3 - power control unit; 4 - transmission control unit; 5 - system "start-stop"; 6 - automatic transmission; 7 - diesel engine.
Of course, the off-road capabilities of such models are modest, but hardly worse than many “SUVs” with traditional schemes. However, if necessary, it will be easy to load the rear wheels with traction. Apparently, this is also why the scheme is gaining popularity. It is possible that in the coming years it will become dominant for the new four-wheel drive hybrids.
The main feature of the Porsche 911 GT3 R Hybrid is the lack of familiar batteries. Instead, they installed a flywheel generator of the KERS system (Kinetic Energy Recovery Systems) used in Formula 1. The flywheel can rotate at a speed of up to 40, 000 rpm, accumulating mechanical energy during braking, which at the request of the driver will return electricity to the front wheels, and the rear drives the internal combustion engine. 1 - control unit of electric motors; 2 - electric motors; 3 - high voltage cable; 4 - flywheel generator; 5 - flywheel control unit
The main feature of the Porsche 911 GT3 R Hybrid is the lack of familiar batteries. Instead, they installed a flywheel generator of the KERS system (Kinetic Energy Recovery Systems) used in Formula 1. The flywheel can rotate at a speed of up to 40, 000 rpm, accumulating mechanical energy during braking, which at the request of the driver will return electricity to the front wheels, and the rear drives the internal combustion engine. 1 - control unit of electric motors; 2 - electric motors; 3 - high voltage cable; 4 - flywheel generator; 5 - flywheel control unit. The main feature of the Porsche 911 GT3 R Hybrid is the lack of familiar batteries. Instead, they installed a flywheel generator of the KERS system (Kinetic Energy Recovery Systems) used in Formula 1. The flywheel can rotate at a speed of up to 40, 000 rpm, accumulating mechanical energy during braking, which at the request of the driver will return electricity to the front wheels, and the rear drives the internal combustion engine. 1 - control unit of electric motors; 2 - electric motors; 3 - high voltage cable; 4 - flywheel generator; 5 - flywheel control unit.
More initiative
If there is no cardan and handouts, maybe the drives are not needed? The Michelin company has been developing motor wheels for more than a year. The main advantage of such a scheme is compactness, and the disadvantage is that unsprung masses increase, which negatively affects driving sensations. A scheme with the placement of electric motors not in the wheel itself, but in the immediate vicinity of it looks much more promising.
So far, the idea of a motor wheel has been implemented only in prototypes. The main thing that prevents such a scheme from gaining a ticket to life is its large size and mass. But the developers of Michelin-Active Villa assure: they have solved these problems and will soon introduce more compact and lightweight developments. 1- pumped up air chamber, increasing the contact spot on a dry coating; 2 - spikes with electric drives; 3 - a protective casing protects the mechanisms inside the wheel from stones and bumps on the road; 4 - electric motor and multi-disc hydraulic brake; 5 - spring suspension; 6 - a cap
So far, the idea of a motor wheel has been implemented only in prototypes. The main thing that prevents such a scheme from gaining a ticket to life is its large size and mass. But the developers of Michelin-Active Villa assure: they have solved these problems and will soon introduce more compact and lightweight developments. 1- pumped up air chamber, increasing the contact spot on a dry coating; 2 - spikes with electric drives; 3 - a protective casing protects the mechanisms inside the wheel from stones and bumps on the road; 4 - electric motor and multi-disc hydraulic brake; 5 - spring suspension; 6 - a cap. So far, the idea of a motor wheel has been implemented only in prototypes. The main thing that prevents such a scheme from gaining a ticket to life is its large size and mass. But the developers of Michelin-Active Villa assure: they have solved these problems and will soon introduce more compact and lightweight developments. 1- pumped up air chamber, increasing the contact spot on a dry coating; 2 - spikes with electric drives; 3 - a protective casing protects the mechanisms inside the wheel from stones and bumps on the road; 4 - electric motor and multi-disc hydraulic brake; 5 - spring suspension; 6 - a cap.
With this design, firstly, you can keep the traditional suspension (and at the same time the level of production costs due to unification with other models), and secondly, each wheel has an individual precise traction control. And that means - there’s no need to make complicated transmissions!
One close to a series of projects with individual electric motors for each wheel made Mercedes-Benz the hands of the AMG court atelier. In total, four electric motors give out 880 N • m of torque, accelerating the electric car to 100 km / h in 4 s. Battery packs are located as low as possible and evenly distributed throughout the body for the best weight distribution. 1 - power control unit; 2 - high voltage battery; 3 - shock absorber strut; 4 - two electric motors and transmission
One close to a series of projects with individual electric motors for each wheel made Mercedes-Benz the hands of the AMG court atelier. In total, four electric motors give out 880 N • m of torque, accelerating the electric car to 100 km / h in 4 s. Battery packs are located as low as possible and evenly distributed throughout the body for the best weight distribution. 1 - power control unit; 2 - high voltage battery; 3 - shock absorber strut; 4 - two electric motors and transmission. One close to a series of projects with individual electric motors for each wheel made Mercedes-Benz the hands of the AMG court atelier. In total, four electric motors give out 880 N • m of torque, accelerating the electric car to 100 km / h in 4 s. Battery packs are located as low as possible and evenly distributed throughout the body for the best weight distribution. 1 - power control unit; 2 - high voltage battery; 3 - shock absorber strut; 4 - two electric motors and transmission.
