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Which Of The Russian Auto Companies Threatens Bankruptcy

2024

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Video: Which Of The Russian Auto Companies Threatens Bankruptcy

Video: Which Of The Russian Auto Companies Threatens Bankruptcy
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Which Of The Russian Auto Companies Threatens Bankruptcy
Which Of The Russian Auto Companies Threatens Bankruptcy
Anonim

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FIRST WAS "MOSCOW"

I learned from the dictionary that “bankruptcy (insolvency) is the failure of the debtor (citizen or organization) recognized by the authorized state body (court) to satisfy the full demands of creditors and (or) fulfill the obligation to pay mandatory state payments." Simply put, a way to get a citizen or company to pay debts. Abroad, this procedure, which has been worked out for centuries, ensures the maximum satisfaction of all parties in the final: creditors receive their debts (even if not immediately, in parts, by selling property, etc.), but the debtor can continue to work (if he is not a fraudster), of course, - but then other bodies deal with it). By the way, by definition, the main purpose of bankruptcy is "restoring the solvency of the debtor." So … We are now at the very beginning of the capitalist path, so we believe that the terms "bankruptcy" and "final and irrevocable collapse" are synonyms. The bankruptcy procedure has not been worked out to the end (but what is there - the law itself has already been seriously corrected three times!), The emphasis has not been placed. It is not surprising that even the word itself sounds scary … Therefore, in order not to frighten anyone again, I will use the abbreviation B.

For the first time, our auto industry was faced with the threat of B. 10 years ago: at that time they were going to subject the Moskvich plant to this procedure. The execution was postponed at the request of the metropolitan government (but in vain: “pity” cost taxpayers billions of rubles), but later, in January 2004, external management was nevertheless introduced at Moskvich. And in February 2006, the company was declared bankrupt. At that time, the company's debt to the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation, the Moscow government and tax services reached 23.3 billion rubles. Since then, through the sale of land and buildings, it has been possible to pay debts to employees (salaries), public utilities, tax officials, and the Russian-French company Avtoframos has been successfully operating in workshops that have never been useful to Moskvich. Alas, today it’s clear: “Moskvich” in the present conditions would still not have survived. Mediocre leaders accelerated his death, B. - only a fat point at the end of the path.

Today, several large enterprises are moving along this road at once.

ON THE RUINS OF WELL-BEING

Recently, the Arbitration Court of Udmurtia recognized the claim of IzhAvto OJSC regarding B. as justified and introduced a six-month observation regime at the enterprise. The company owes creditors over 14 billion rubles. The plant is not working now, and its equipment was seized at the request of creditors. Moreover, the plant itself asked to declare it insolvent - apparently in order to postpone the payment of debts.

It is difficult to predict how events will develop after the start of B.'s procedure. Perhaps if the company’s managers can agree with KIA and AVTOVAZ on the supply of car kits, it will work again - the law does not prohibit this. The main thing is that the owners can do nothing with the property of the plant (so that creditors do not suffer if something happens), and the external manager must make sure that all steps are aimed at improving the enterprise. But while the conveyors are standing (from May!), Out of the 5.5 thousand workers who worked at the enterprise before the crisis, a little more than 3 thousand people remain, and even those are mainly engaged in public work (that is, they clean the territory), for which the state administration of Udmurtia pays everyone 6-7 thousand rubles a month.

Why has a profitable plant recently found itself in such a difficult situation? There are a lot of objective reasons for this (general economic situation, market decline, ruble devaluation, etc.), but the analysis conducted by the Accounts Chamber showed that the plant was very poorly managed, managers were poorly disposed of finances and did not think about tomorrow.

Monstrous debts hang at other Russian enterprises - GAZ and AvtoVAZ. The first, however, has so far managed to agree with creditors on restructuring and deferring payments. And the second received 25 billion rubles from the state (and expects to receive more). How long will they last?

LITTLE EVEN WORSE

Manufacturers of automotive components are in the same, if not worse, position. Only few people know, for example, about the problems of the Yegorshinsky Radio Plant, the supplier of AvtoVAZ. Only the intervention of the prosecutor’s office, which forced Volzhan to pay off debts to the supplier, saved the Rezhevsky mechanical plant. Samara Valve Plant is facing B. - the enterprise has no money even to pay for a communal apartment. The producers of electric and lighting components belonging to the SOK Group, OSVAR and Avtosvet (Vladimir Region), also have the prospect of "global restructuring." The list goes on …

It is clear that the main reason for the critical state of suppliers was the procurement policy of automakers. AvtoVAZ, for example, introduced an original system of payment for components: partly with real money (but at the rates set by the buyer himself!), Partly with promissory notes with a maturity in 2014 (you can say, “for free, that is, for nothing”). And this, of course, could not but affect the economic situation of suppliers.

However, according to Finamauto analyst Alexei Zakharov, component manufacturers have a way to survive in this situation: they need to actively reorient themselves to the secondary market - to supply parts, assemblies and assemblies for repairs. Indeed, in the face of falling sales of new cars, the need for after-sales service of old cars is increasing. Companies that have in their assortment of goods for the secondary receive a chance to survive the crisis.

The time of bankruptcy in the automotive industry has not yet ended. One thing is obvious: there are ways to survive - you just need to be able to find them.

SERVERS ONLY SURVIVE

But the number of bankrupt dealers is multiplying. No wonder: sales of new cars for seven months fell by 51%. Forecasts are not encouraging: at best this year, it will be possible to sell about 1.4 million units - quite a bit. Some recovery can be expected only in the spring of 2010. It is logical that a number of dealers (according to some experts' estimates, about a third!) Came close to B. The risk group includes not only small regional centers dealing with one or two brands, but also large players. In the summer, the capital networks Inkom-Avto and Eleks-Polyus announced insolvency, which a couple of years ago were among the most successful in the industry. In Perm, the dealership Auto-City was declared bankrupt; in St. Petersburg, Fast Motor SPb was filed for insolvency. In Bashkiria, the procedure for B. was initiated by three automobile companies - dealers of GAZ, KIA and Volkswagen.

There are several reasons for this. If we talk about the AvtoVAZ dealer network, then the position of sellers in it is aggravated, to put it mildly, by the unintelligible sales policy of the plant. And if we look at the picture in general, the centers that have gained loans in the past years turned out to be on the verge of collapse (it doesn’t matter whether to develop a business, build showrooms or buy a batch of cars). The time has come to give back - but the market has fallen … There is one more reason B: in the conditions of the crisis, banks “cannot stand the nerves” (most car dealers have large debts). True, this wave has passed - creditors have become more careful looking at the mistakes of colleagues. Say, about a year ago, one of the regional dealers was declared bankrupt according to the bank. Financiers, having received about a hundred cars as compensation for the outstanding loan, could not turn this non-core asset into money for a long time and finally sold the cars at a loss … Now banks, as a rule, do not crave the blood of failed borrowers, but try to reasonably restructure debt.

However, the main problem of Russian dealers is a purely internal one. During the period of rapid growth of the car market, too many were “sharpened” one-sidedly: to sell, sell and sell again. The best leader of a dealership was considered one who could knock out additional quotas for the supply of cars from the automaker. The crisis has put trade upside down - about the same situation in which foreign sellers have long lived. Now maintenance and the aftermarket are coming to the fore. Anyone who managed to organize high-quality repairs and maintenance, built a competent "trade-in", managed to keep an old client and attract a new one, he survived and even feels rather well. Those who failed - left or doomed to leave the business.

The crisis revealed deformations in the domestic dealer network that have already been adjusted abroad by fierce competition. Another medicine is the presence of the buyer’s market, and not the seller’s market, which we had until recently. It is no coincidence that many dealership leaders acknowledge that the crisis will clear the car dealership sector from scale and make it more professional.

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