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All Four Wheels

2024

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All Four Wheels
All Four Wheels
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According to the order that prevailed in Germany in the 1930s, it was entrusted directly to manufacturers to design cars for the Wehrmacht. Only the type of light army all-terrain vehicle was developed by the arms control of the ground forces, after which it was put into production at three companies simultaneously. As a result, several models saw the light: Stoewer R180, Stoewer R200, Stoewer Type 40, BMW Type 325 and Hanomag Type 20B (we already wrote about Stoewer Type 40 in issue 7 (83) for 2008). The cars were unified by chassis and body, but they differed in power units. Some of them had full-wheel steering wheels, turning - officials of the German arms department decided so. They also considered that all cars should be anonymized, so none of the above automakers had the right to put a brand name on their products.

Still that type

The basis of the design of this typical all-terrain vehicle was the usual box-shaped frame. A simple body with a light awning was placed on it, and for all-terrain vehicles BMW was supplied by Ambi Budd and they were all-metal, while Stoewer and Hanomag were content with bodies with wooden frames of their own production.

Each company installed its own engine: Stoewer supplied the R180 with a weak 42-horsepower 4-cylinder engine, and the R200 and Type 40 models with more powerful 50 hp. A similar engine was installed on the Hanomag Type 20B, a 6-cylinder BMW Type 325 engine developed the same 50 hp. A typical transmission was a 5-speed gearbox, all-wheel drive was non-deactivable. Both suspensions are independent, on springs and levers with hydraulic shock absorbers, brakes - with mechanical all-wheel drive. The electrical equipment was supplied by Bosch, it was 12-volt, instead of the then-common 6-volt.

The mass of the car was approximately 1750 kg, and the speed was not more than 75 km / h on a good road; the leaner power unit of 50 power could not squeeze out more. Fuel consumption was impressive even for those years - the engine devoured as much as 17 liters when driving on the highway and up to 25 on a country road and off-road. The power reserve in this situation was 350 and 240 km, respectively.

According to the specifications of the Wehrmacht, army light vehicles were divided into four types, designated by the abbreviation Kfz - Kraftfahrzeuge, or in the translation “car”, as well as numbers indicating the modification. The first type - Kfz.1 - was a regular 4-seater 4-door car. Kfz with an index of 2 was a 3-door, and the space behind the driver was either a radio station or repair equipment. The type with the number 3 had four doors and a huge drawer at the back - the machine was intended for surveyors. Either a MG-34 machine gun or a 42 mm anti-aircraft gun was mounted on a 3-seat Kfz.1. This classification applied to all light off-road vehicles made by BMW, Hanomag, and Stoewer.

From west to east

Production of a typical all-terrain vehicle began in 1936. The first was the Stoewer R180, which was produced for two years, until it was replaced by a more powerful R200. In 1937, the production of BMW and Hanomag began. But the cars did not live up to the expectations associated with them: they were too complicated and expensive to manufacture, and most importantly - heavy, low-power and unreliable. An attempt to simplify the car was made only by Stoewer, which resulted in the 1940 Type 40 with "normal", fixed, rear wheels, which were produced until 1943, when the Wehrmacht finally abandoned such machines.

In 1940, the Bayerische Motoren Werke AG concern could only report on 3225 issued copies of the all-wheel drive and all-wheel drive BMW Type 325. In total, about 13, 000 representatives of all types of light army vehicles made. Most of them were lost on the Eastern Front, and the cause of the death of cars was not Soviet bombs and shells, but roads and frosts. Neither the first nor the second light German all-terrain vehicles were not adapted. And already in the winter of 1941, the German car crashed, being completely unprepared for the weather conditions of the Eastern Front.

Long before Stalingrad

Now in German concerns they prefer not to remember these cars, as well as about their customers. And if information flashes somewhere, then in the name of the models made for the Wehrmacht, you can find rather strange words like Jagdwagen - “a car for hunting” or Bergwachtwagen - “mountain watch car”. Sometimes they simply write Gelaendewagen, which means “all-terrain vehicle”, and try to write as little as possible about what such cars were intended for, but a connoisseur will understand everything. Although in one of the latest books on the history of the Bavarian concern, which was simply and clearly entitled BMW, authors Rainer W. Schlegelmilch, Hartmut Lebrink and Jochen von Osterroth devoted the 325 models an entire chapter, not forgetting to list all the shortcomings of its design. “These cars survived their own Stalingrad long before the start of the Russian campaign” - this is how the Germans themselves say about the BMW Type 325.

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