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The History Of The Chinese Automobile Industry. First Wave

2024

Video: The History Of The Chinese Automobile Industry. First Wave

Video: The History Of The Chinese Automobile Industry. First Wave
Video: The Revolution of China’s Automotive Industry 2024, March
The History Of The Chinese Automobile Industry. First Wave
The History Of The Chinese Automobile Industry. First Wave
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There are few more detailed and accurate information about this period in our media, but there are a lot of myths in the style of newspaper editorials of the time. But, as you know, there is no smoke without fire: the first wave of motorization in China really happened in the mid-fifties …

In 1956, seven years after the revolution and the formation of the People’s Republic of China, the 1st automobile plant in Changchun began production of Zefang-SA140 trucks - copies of the Soviet ZIS-150. As they said then, the brotherly people were given the blueprints, helped with equipment, trained specialists. The same car was soon produced at the 2nd plant in Shiyan, Hubei Province.

Actually, according to some sources, the first 100 cars in China were assembled back in 1953, but most likely, these were overhaul imported models. By the way, in the era of the "great leap", the beginning of which coincided with the motorization of China, in the field of repair there they achieved truly impressive successes. Overhaul of a truck of 23 people was carried out in 2 hours 7 minutes. What exactly was done with the car and how it then went, did not specify.

The desire to quickly "go my own way" gave rise to very unusual decisions. For example, trailers in China tried to make … bamboo. Not only the body, but also the wheels, frames, springs! At a maximum speed of 50 km / h, such trolleys supposedly served a year.

Already in 1958, China reported tremendous automotive success. In addition to two large factories, nearly a dozen or so small ones worked. The “Great Leap Forward” implied that steel can be boiled in every yard - which means that machines can also be made. In the spring of 1958, the first Chinese passenger car, the Chinkanchan, appeared. A rear-mounted motor was reported to develop 36 hp. There is no need to talk about the borrowing of the Soviet design: rear-engine in the USSR were just beginning to experience. Perhaps the prototype was the famous Volkswagen? But then the most powerful engine of the Beetle was then developing only 31 hp. However, we will still encounter a clearly overestimated power of Chinese cars. But Chinkanchan did not become serial.

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This role was played on May 12, 1958 by Don Fen (east wind). Even the world's leading firms “sinned” with an American-style design. It is not surprising that the Chinese stylists went along the knurled path. The declared mass of the car is 1230 kg, the power of a 4-cylinder 1.5-liter engine is 70 hp. Again - a dubious indicator! Most of the analogues then developed 50-60 hp. Only rare sports engines could boast more power, but it is unlikely that such an unit was created in 1958 in China.

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After a couple of years, dozens of models were listed in the list of cars in the Middle Kingdom. Some names (and they were usually translated in the Soviet press) are worth it! “Victory over Britain”, “Riding the Wind”, “Rich Harvest”, “Leap Forward” … Photos of passenger cars “Mir” and “Progress” appeared. These Chinese comrades were again made in the American style. Technical data was limited by the power of the Progress engine - 95 hp. But the most powerful export motor "Volga" GAZ-21 developed only 85 forces …

[caption id = "attachment_188044" align = "aligncenter" caption = "The Hunts parade cabriolet

with a different finish than the limousine front part, the beginning of the 1970s.

"]

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[/caption] In the late 1950s, the most famous Chinese car was born - "Hunts" ("Red Banner"). It was said that a huge limousine 5730 mm long was built on the personal instructions of Mao Zedong. It is quite possible: the head of the future superpower is not worth driving in imported limousines. Outwardly, the Khunts resembled the Seagull GAZ-13, and ZIL-111, and a little Volga GAZ-21, and collectively the Americans, who also inspired Soviet stylists. The 5.6-liter V8 engine, equipped with a dual-chamber carburetor, developed about 200 hp. (indicated power according to SAE standard: 210–220 hp). The transmission on the Khunts, as befitting a representative car, was automatic.

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With this machine, the Chinese entered the international arena. No, they didn’t export limousines, but in 1960 the Hunts, as a symbol of the power of Chinese industry, were shown at the fair in Leipzig, and in 1965 even at an exhibition in Paris.

Very soon, however, China began to close itself from the rest of the world. Having quarreled with the socialist countries, the trucks (in addition to copies of ZIL-150 and GAZ-51, also made Czech “Skodes” and Romanian “novels”) modernized independently. Often, the units of Japanese companies were borrowed - this is how diesel engines appeared on archaic chassis. They almost abandoned the production of passenger cars. For party and government leadership, a Shanghai sedan with a 6-cylinder 2.2-liter engine was produced in very small quantities, but still the same huge Hunts, which was built 40 (!) Years - until the end of the 1980s. Sometimes photographs of these cars fell into Western catalogs - as a rule, this was a survey of visits to Beijing by delegations of a few states that maintain relations with China.

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