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Missing Link

2024

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MISSING LINK

AT MAZ MAKED A “INTERMEDIATE” VOLUME BUS

TEXT / EVGENY BORISENKOV

PHOTO / GENNADY Emelkin

City buses are short (for example, LiAZ- "cattle truck") and long ("Ikarus" accordion). And recently an intermediate version has appeared - a triaxial, extra large capacity. The low-floor MAZ-107 weighing 24.5 tons accommodates 150 passengers. At the same time, it is structurally close to the usual biaxial axis and much simpler than articulated.

All over the world, buses are built according to two main technological schemes. The first is akin to the manufacture of a passenger car body - welding from finished stamped panels. The result is similar - smooth, precisely adjoining surfaces with minimal gaps, high strength with low weight. But to launch this highly mechanized production is difficult and expensive - what are the dies alone. To cover expenses and make a profit, they exploit it “to the stop” - usually about fifteen years. And for all these years, the model should not be morally obsolete. Only large manufacturers can do this.

The second option is a frame sheathed with steel sheet. The technology is flexible and relatively inexpensive. The skeleton is welded from box-shaped profiles, so making changes is very simple: you welded the necessary, cut off the excess. So, in particular, the German company Neoplan works. Having weighed its capabilities, MAZ signed an agreement with this company. And acquired the rights to construction, design and technology. And I got welding equipment, assembly conductors and documentation in kind.

The first pancake came out lumpy - the Western Europeans did not take into account our specific conditions. They made, for example, narrow aisles and many seats. Can you imagine what will happen during rush hours? Togo and look, legs break. And they also put a security system on the doors so as not to pinch anyone who is hanging on the handrail. And if the door does not close, smart electronics keep the bus on the handbrake, waiting for everyone to tamp. Well, if it waits … And the roads are bumpy with us. In general, I had to refine, picking up my own components at the same time.

MAZ-107 is also made according to the "Neoplan" technology. The frame blanks - galvanized rectangular pipes - are fixed on a large sheet in special conductors. So weld the sidewalls, floor and ceiling. On the slipway they are combined into a single whole. Wheel arches and part of the floor are sewn up with sheets of stainless (!) Steel.

The next stage is straightening the frame. The goal is to prepare the body for the installation of outdoor panels. The most popular tool is a sledgehammer. In order not to make noise throughout the whole plant, the site was surrounded by soundproof walls. Here, the lower part of the frame (to the level of the windows) is treated with anticorrosive. To access hidden cavities, drill holes, then closing them with plugs. Atomization - airless, at a pressure of 150 atm. The only famous drugs are Tektil, Nosidol, Dinitrol and Merkasol.

Then the bus is put on its feet - the chassis is attached. Driving bridges of low-floor machines are traditionally made portal. The idea is simple - the axles go below the axis of rotation of the wheels and are connected to them by final drives. Almost like on a military "UAZ", only "upside down" (see. Fig.). The scheme is convenient, but difficult to manufacture and, therefore, expensive. At MAZ, things were easier - they shifted the main gear to the side and thereby freed up space for the low floor. Interestingly, the creators of the Mercedes also came to the same decision. But the differential lock on the city bus nobody but us needs.

The front suspension is independent, with rocket rods. The spherical hinge (GC), the inheritance of Neoplan, has not taken root in us - it serves little. We developed our own - rubber-metal.

Elastic suspension elements - air balloons. In addition to ride, they give the bus the opportunity to "sit down" at the bus stop. This happens automatically when the door is opened. On request, the option can be "halved", bleeding air from only one side. Then the car will just lean towards the sidewalk. In this position, it’s easy to roll in the stroller and enter yourself. But for a wheelchair user this is not enough. And it’s difficult for the driver to put the bus right next to the curb. To close the gap, you need a retractable ladder. It is in the list of additional equipment, but almost no one takes it …

External cladding - steel sheet with double-sided galvanization. Fix it by contact welding. And so as not to wrinkle, pre-heated. When cooling, the metal is stretched, forming a perfectly smooth surface. It remains to be primed and painted. Paint - polyurethane multicomponent. Mix it in your own laboratory. Color scheme - eyes run up. Kohler is selected at the request of the customer.

The power unit is installed in the finished frame. It is located in the rear of the cabin and is hidden in the closet. After all, only a flat (horizontal) motor will lie under the floor, and one, two, and a miscarriage. At MAZ, you can put anything you want. From cheap MMZ (Minsk Motor) to Daimler-Chrysler and MAN. And the whole adaptation is to weld the corresponding brackets to the body. Gearboxes are also a choice. You want - Yaroslavl mechanical, you want - "Voith" -automat. True, the latter is 10 thousand dollars more expensive.

Before strengthening the upholstery, they put … pneumatic system receivers under the ceiling of the cabin. Here they are reliably sheltered from the worst enemy - corrosion. All pipelines are made of polyamide: cheaper than copper and more durable than steel. Pneumatic piping connections are very reliable, so that compressed air does not escape into the atmosphere without any benefit. The control conclusions are arranged in one place - the pneumatic equipment diagnostic unit. Another mounting block is in the electrical circuit: all the fuses and relays are assembled there, and the failed LED will indicate a failed circuit.

They also took care of fire safety. Finishing materials for the interior are fireproof, for which there is a corresponding certificate. Compare: a “regular” bus burns to the frame in eight minutes, MAZ smolders as many as forty, while the flame does not break into the cabin! Aerosol capsules of the fire extinguishing system complete the picture. They work automatically if the temperature in the "zone of responsibility" exceeds 170 ° C.

In the cold, another system is taken up - heating. Radiators connected to the water jacket of the motor stretch along the entire cabin. Two wind-blowing create a curtain of heat at the door, and another one draws heat for the driver. The side windows of his cab and all the exterior mirrors are naturally heated.

In general, the car is quite modern. So, it is equipped with ABS, PBS, tinted windows, a blinker display (with two-color rotary cells), an on-board computer and more.

The abundance of options has made management easy and enjoyable. Despite three tons of ballast (all seats are occupied by it), the bus easily keeps in a stream. Surprisingly quickly, the “feeling of a machine” arose. And by the way, there was a “automatic” box! Truly an irreplaceable thing. If you switch manually - an average of two thousand times per shift. Who worked on the line, he will understand.

After two hundred kilometers run-in, the bus arrives at the customer. With proper operation, the resource is 600 thousand km. Of these, 80 thousand are warranty. The body is able to resist through corrosion for ten years. Significant advantages. But these machines have a unique advantage. They are maximally unified with trucks and trolleybuses of the same brand. A universal warehouse of spare parts for the united car fleet is just a treasure!

We will not argue that the MAZ-107 is the best bus in the world. But after all, his brothers are bought even in Hungary - in the homeland of Ikarus!

MINSK BUS

In addition to traditional heavy trucks, buses are produced at MAZ. Today in the series are city cars MAZ-103, 104 and 105, suburban MAZ-103S and 104C, intercity MAZ-152 and 152A and even the MAZ-103T trolleybus. The MAZ bus production branch was established in 1999. At the first stage, for the development of technologies and staff training, buses were assembled from imported components. In parallel, we developed our own design documentation for the main components and parts for the technology of the CIS countries. The first prototype of the urban low-floor bus of its own design MAZ-101 appeared in 1995. In 2000, MAZ bus production reached the level of 500 cars per year. But a program has already been developed to increase output to one and a half thousand. Buses and trolleybuses are designed in accordance with European standards, EEC directives and UNECE Regulations. Commercially available models have a certificate of "Type approval of the vehicle."

MAZ-107

GENERAL DATA: the number of seats for sitting - 27–31; total - 140–150; gross weight - 24 500 kg; maximum speed - 78 km / h; fuel supply - 220 l. ENGINE: "Renault-06.02.26V41", six-cylinder, diesel, is located longitudinally behind. SUSPENSION: pneumatic with telescopic shock absorbers. REAR AXLE: Rigid beam with double spaced gear. GUIDED PRICE: $ 100, 000

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