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Class Approach

2024

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Video: Class Approach
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Class Approach
Class Approach
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EQUIPMENT

/ BY RANGE

CLASS APPROACH

HELPS TO DIRECT IN A VARIETY OF MODELS

TEXT / SERGEY KANUNNIKOV

Over the past century, people have come up with many car classifications. You can’t do without a system; it helps to compare and evaluate products.

In Western Europe, cars (according to UNECE terminology - M1) are divided into six classes. The criterion is simple and logical - overall dimensions (see table. 1).

First-graders (class A, aka mini) - "FIAT-Seicento", "Smart", "Hyundai Atos" - cars that are considered to be urban. European models - three-door, oriental kids manage to wear five-door bodies. True, the Japanese usually sell such cars only in the domestic market, based on buyers of a national slim body who love comfort.

Among first-graders today, violent accelerates are found. What is at least a Volkswagen Lupo with a 125-horsepower (!) Engine. Against the backdrop of such werewolves, the Oka, also in the A-class, looks like a poor relative.

In the first class there are also "preschool children" - microcars with 5-10-horsepower motors. To drive them in some European countries you do not need a driver’s license, but the release of babies is small.

In the small class B, the public is no less motley. Here, in addition to the three-door, there are five-door hatchbacks and even sedans. Engines and accessories are quite adults. This category of cars is quite popular among Europeans. The domestic industry of second-graders, alas, does not. The first student will ever be the "Kalina" -hatchback; and today, the closest and most affordable class B car to Russians is the Tavria.

The most revered in Europe is the lower middle class C. It is also called the “golf class”. It is this Volkswagen model that is inexpensive, economical, compact, but roomy, becoming a bestseller in the European market, prompted manufacturers to create numerous competitors to the “People's German”.

In this category, a huge selection of sedans, hatchbacks, station wagons, with four-, five- and even six-cylinder engines and a long list of options. In Russia, the C-class is also revered, because … in fact, we have no choice. After all, all mass domestic models: “Lada”, “Samara”, “ten” and even the “41st” “Moskvich” are lower average.

Middle Class D is inhabited by sedans and station wagons with a rich basic configuration and powerful motors. There are a lot of “overgrowths” - models that are quite worthy of becoming high school students by speed characteristics. For example, the powerful "Audi RS4" or "Volkswagen Passat W8". Not a single domestic car, with the exception of the small-scale VAZ 2110 8 Premier, even formally falls into Class D.

Cars of classes E (or business class) and F differ from each other only in the level of equipment and price. Indeed, putting on one step a large, but still quite democratic Opel Omega and the noble Jaguar XJ, especially the Rolls-Royce Silver Seraph, is a sin. In the upper middle class, the Volga climbed in, and ZIL-41047 for its former merits, an impressive appearance and an exorbitant price, probably can be written as a luxury.

In addition to classes, several groups appear in various European ratings. Their representatives are characterized not by size, but by the specific design. The first group recorded all sports coupes - from the modest Opel Tiger to the shocking Bugatti-EV 16.4. In the second - open models: convertibles, roadsters, spiders. Today's fashionable SUVs, or American-style SUVs, have gathered in a separate company. Ordinary four-wheel drive cars - Audi, Subaru and the like - are not allowed there. And finally, the fourth group consisted of mini-vans and minibuses with no more than nine seats, which can be controlled with “rights” of category “B”.

The above classification is not the only one in Europe. For example, in the program for evaluating new cars for safety, EuroNСAP use, in accordance with its tasks, gradation easier. An analogue of class A is supermini, small class B models are classified as small family ones, “golf-like” (class C) are called large family ones, and all other cars are considered representative. Own group, again, is allocated to mini-vans.

Classifications used in other parts of the world are distinguished by national specificity.

In the United States, the Environmental Protection Agency came up with a tricky technique for calculating internal volume: a cabin with two rows of seats plus a trunk. Cars with a capacity of less than 2.4 m3, for example our VAZ 2109, are called mini-compacts (that is, there shouldn’t be less by American standards). Volkswagen Golf and even Audi A4 have turned into subcompacts, and the Ford-Torus analogues have received the right to be called mid-size. There are very few full-size models (Cadillac De Ville, Ford Crown Victoria) in production programs.

There are only three classes of cars in Japan. And in local mini (length - up to 3300 mm, width - up to 1400 mm, working volume - no more than 660 cm3) even “Oka” does not fit. But small ones (length - up to 4700 mm, width - up to 1700 mm, working volume - up to 2 l) get analogues of the capacious Moskvich-2141, not to mention VAZs. All other cars are considered standard.

In Russia, automobile classification and industry model indices (Table 2) were introduced in 1966. The ministry has not commanded the factories for a long time, but manufacturers continue to use the cumbersome and not always clear system of model numbering.

All cars are denoted by indices with the number 1 in second place. The first digit indicates the displacement of the engine. Moreover, the transition from 1 to 2 does not coincide with the division into classes (see table. 2). So, according to industry standards, VAZ 2101, 2102 and 21013 with an engine displacement of 1198 cm3 should be called - 1101, etc., and the "eight" with an engine of 1100 cm3 (there was such an export version - 21081) - VAZ-1108.

The third and fourth digits are the serial number of the model. Factories appropriate them according to their own logic. Remember: the VAZ 2104 appeared later than the "five", and the GAZ 3110 far, if not forever, overtook the GAZ-3106. The fifth position is the designation of the modification. That is, the VAZ 2108 3 is the G8 version with a 1.5 liter engine (the 2108 base engine is 1.3 liter). The sixth digit is a specific performance, for example, a modification with a right-hand drive or for the tropics. Positions after the hyphen indicate configuration options. VAZ uses two-digit indices (VAZ 2109 3–20 - “nine” with injection), and GAZ - three-digit indices (GAZ 3110-600 - “Volga” with a diesel engine under the Steyr license).

The first two positions of the indices of vans and pickups on the basis of cars (according to the UNECE classification - N2) indicate the type of car (onboard, van, etc.) and its total weight. However, manufacturers here often depart from old industry standards. So, VIS-2345 - a van with a gross weight of 1.2 to 2 tons should be called 2745 (23 - a car with an onboard platform), and pickup Izh 2717 1 - vice versa. And at the "Sable" GAZ 2217 "according to the law" designations should change depending on capacity. After all, the six-seater version is included in the international passenger category M1, and the ten-seater - in the bus M2.

In general, it would be better if the long "telephone" numbers remained in the factory documentation. The consumer does not need to know which particular injection option is on his Samara if the system works reliably.

Of course, any classification is conditional. Well, how do you classmates consider the "small", according to the Russian division, the "Tavria" (50 hp) and the VAZ 2110 3 (92 hp), especially the Honda Civic with a 114-horsepower engine?

Perhaps the most correct consumer classification is price. The Germans compare the VAZ "top ten" with the "Daewoo Matiz." And it is logical to put the new GAZ 3110 next to a well-worn Mercedes. Other gradations also have a right to exist - which is what we use, for example, by conducting tests. You can arrange the machines in terms of power, body types and purpose (for example, station wagons or convertibles), in design and layout (all-wheel drive or frame models). The richer the world of cars becomes, the more reasons to create new "division tables".

Volkswagen-Lupo TDI with a 1.2-liter diesel engine is a representative of the European class A. According to the Japanese and Russian gradations, it is a small class car.

Second grader (B) "SEAT-Ibiza." The version with the 1.1 liter engine with us falls into the category of very small ones, and the rest into the small class.

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