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Category: Test drive

Gordian Knot

2024
Gordian Knot
Gordian Knot
Anonim

EQUIPMENT

/ MOTORS

GORDIAN KNOT

WITH NEW RUSSIAN DIESELS YOU CAN GO TO EUROPE

TEXT, PHOTO / ALEXANDER BUDKIN

It so happened that with all the variety of trucks manufactured in the Soviet Union, the lion's share of diesel engines for it was supplied by the Yaroslavl Motor Plant, now Avtodiesel OJSC. About 300 types of cars, road and construction vehicles, military chassis, etc., were driven by the engines of the YaMZ-236, 238 families. For three decades, more than one million of these engines have been produced in Yaroslavl. And now - the long-awaited change of generations. The baton from veterans was accepted by the six-cylinder YaMZ-7601 and the eight-cylinder YaMZ-7511.

NEW GENERATION

The current generation of diesel engines, having inherited a dimension of 130x140 mm (cylinder diameter and piston stroke), received a different work process. The piston design, the shape of the combustion chamber have changed, the compression ratio has been reduced (a turbocompressor is installed on all engines of the family), and other fuel equipment has been used. The maximum injection pressure on new diesel engines doubled (!) - from 60 to 120 MPa (1200 ata). The diameter and stroke of the high pressure fuel pump plungers were increased, and the size of the spraying nozzle openings and the duration of the fuel supply were reduced. Thanks to these measures, it was possible to fit the engine into the Euro II toxicity standards, reduce fuel consumption by almost 5%, increase power and torque. If the previous “eight” YaMZ-238 in various modifications (both with supercharging and without it) covered the power range from 180 to 330 liters. sec., giving out a torque from 880 to 1294 N.m, the heir YaMZ-7511 squeezes up to 420 liters. with. (modification of YaMZ-7513) and "twists" until 1765 N.m.

With a more detailed acquaintance, other advantages pop up. The cooling system fan turns on only if necessary (before it worked continuously). The oil change frequency increased to 25–30 thousand km, and when using oils of high quality groups (CF-4, CG-4) it will reach 50–80 thousand. The power unit will include new gearboxes, including those with 14 steps, and a single-plate clutch of a diaphragm type. They promise an impressive resource of 800 thousand km.

Russian (or Belarusian) trucks with new power units in terms of their thrust-weight ratio will now stand on a par with foreign ones, which, until recently, seemed unattainable. The main tractors will receive 10 liters accepted in Europe. with. per ton of gross weight and, most importantly, the opportunity to go there, to Europe. Without Euro II, this was not possible. Note that we are talking about a serial product, which is released for the second year. So far, however, in parallel with old engines and in smaller volumes. One and a half thousand copies should get off the assembly line of the Yaroslavl plant by the exit of this number. In total, by the end of 2001 they plan to produce about 6, 000 of these engines - the Minsk Automobile Plant intends to purchase as much.

GOOD UNCLE

If the new engines are so good, why don't they do so much? It is easy to guess: because they buy a little. Why take little? Because they are more expensive - about a thousand dollars compared to engines of the previous generation. A car with a new motor adds in price not just one, but three or four thousand. Automobile enterprises are creeping into new powerful cars, and they will buy … old ones. Isn’t it strange, it turns out: the good Gosstandart, having introduced the requirements of Euro II, continues to give automobile plants temporary permits for the right to produce Euro 0. Cars, of course, produce them, and they buy automobiles. It seems easier than that: you can’t help those who make “clean” cars, raise taxes on the purchase of “dirty” ones. And the treasury is good, and the plants will begin to produce new equipment, and it will be easier for cities to breathe. Only now you need to do this wisely so that fleets that operate old cars do not ruin overnight. It turns out a vicious circle: the state - wants, but can not, car farms - can, but do not want, Gosstandart - wants, but does not know how, factories - know how, but cannot. And everyone sadly continues to look at the puffs of smoke that remain behind every second truck. I wonder if anyone will cut this Gordian knot?

SO WHAT IS NEXT?

It would be wrong to consider that the new YaMZ-7511 and YaMZ-7601 engines are a complete replacement for the elderly, the 236th and 238th. A smaller engine is also needed - a more compact one that can fit into the engine compartments of the Bychka or Pavlovsky buses. Such an engine already exists. This is a representative of the YaMZ-530 family with a dimension of 102x122 mm with three, four, five or six cylinders arranged in a row (variants P2 or V8 are also possible). Power range - from 60 to 240 liters. with. (up to 300 hp for V8). Many Russian car factories are looking forward to these little hard workers. Will they wait?

1. On all engines of the family, instead of a single cylinder head, individual ones are provided (for each cylinder). While the family is not fully mastered, they put on the most powerful engine modifications.

2. An additional flywheel with a torsional vibration damper is installed on eight-cylinder engines of the new family.

3. One of the most noticeable differences is the automatic friction clutch for turning on the fan, controlled by oil pressure.

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