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Category: Test drive

Face Against The Wall

2024

Video: Face Against The Wall

Video: Face Against The Wall
Video: David Guetta - Bang My Head (Official Video) feat Sia & Fetty Wap 2024, March
Face Against The Wall
Face Against The Wall
Anonim

EQUIPMENT

/ SCIENCE SURVIVAL

"Muzzle" ABOUT THE WALL

VESA CRASH TESTS MEET THE EUROPEAN LEVEL

TEXT / SERGEY MISHIN

They began to deal with security problems thirty years ago when they homologated the factory first-born VAZ 2101 according to the rules in force in Europe. At that time, a group of two people (Alexander Melnikov and Gennady Khadyka) was assigned to deal with the passive safety of the Lada. In 1975, the first do-it-yourself equipment appeared - stands for testing seat-belt attachment points in accordance with Rule No. 14, strength tests of the roof and side doors, anti-theft devices. Later there was a coper for testing bumpers and a laboratory catapult for checking seats, seat belts, door locks, etc.

But the most expensive and complicated is the “shock” test of the machine. It would seem that the main component of expenses is the cost of the “sentenced” car. Especially if it is not a serial product, but an experimental sample. However, a machine is just the visible part of the cost iceberg. The main component is equipment. Let's start the story about him with a catapult.

The car is hit in a huge concrete block, whose mass exceeds its own at least 50 times. For objects weighing up to two tons, a hundred-ton “cube” is just right. The machine must hit an obstacle at a given speed and at a certain angle. How to organize a targeted hit?

Some companies (Czech Republic and Sweden) in such cases dump the car from the desired height along special guides. Until recently, the Porsche was rolling a car along the side of a mountain.

At VAZ, a unique stand for overclocking the test object was launched in 1987 (before cars were beaten in Dmitrov, near Moscow, at the Nitsiamt training ground). His “heart” is a powerful linear electric motor. The stator is deployed under the entire eight-eight-meter acceleration strip, and the "rotor" - a titanium truck-tractor with inductors - moves in a special channel below the road surface. Sending the experimental car on the last journey, it is connected with an automatic hitch to the trolley - through a longitudinal slot in the accelerating strip. Accelerating the car, the electric tractor sets it and the direction of movement. High-precision electronics control the speed. A few meters before the obstacle, a peculiar train automatically disengages. The cart-electric motor goes under the cube and stops with pneumatic brakes, while the car passes the last meters of the path on its own. Before the impact, its speed is recorded by a laser meter.

Several high-speed cameras turn on at the moment you touch the obstacle and simultaneously monitor the entire process of death from different points - because for subsequent analysis, you need pictures taken at intervals of one thousandth of a second. Naturally, at the same time, special lighting equipment works: to break up a car and get a useless, dark and smeared movie - all considerable expenses for nothing.

Until October 1998, all cars hit the cube, as they say, the whole face. But from now on, for new models being mastered in production, the requirements for passive safety have been changed. According to UNECE Rule R94, the “control” blow has been toughened, additional assessment criteria have been introduced. Five years have been allowed to finalize the already manufactured equipment. Already in October 2003, it was subjected to shock tests in new conditions - with a 40 percent displacement, into the barrier of the honeycomb structure, which imitates the cremated front of an oncoming car. This is a serious matter - now all the impact force falls on only one spar, so it should work "for two." Speed increased - from 50.3 to 56 km / h.

Now they analyze not only the strength of the body, but also the safety of passengers. Criteria have been developed for assessing human injuries. His role was assigned to mannequins equipped with many sensors. They fix the possible consequences of the accident, prepared for the driver and passengers in real life. By the way, our mortal bodies withstand 80-fold overload, only for a very short time - only three milliseconds.

To carry out work at the highest level, the factory workers decided to use the equipment only of the leading manufacturers in their field. Since 1997, the Hybrid-3 mannequins of the American company FTSS have been prescribed in the laboratory. Their size and weight correspond to similar human parameters. Like humans, they have joints, and the suppleness and strength of the skin are close to human. Sensors of accelerations, displacements and deformations hidden in the head, neck, chest, pelvis and legs are called upon to monitor their “well-being”. Unlike us, there are spare parts for mannequins - joints, hinges, pieces of "skin" and even the head.

Along with Rule R94, another one was introduced - R95, which regulates the consequences of a side impact. Therefore, Hybrids-3 are the Eurosides-1 company and the American Seeds. They try on side impacts. They have no hands, as well as force and displacement sensors in their legs, but the upper and lower parts of the spine and each (!) Rib are equipped with accelerometers (acceleration sensors). As you can see, the design of modern mannequins and the tasks assigned to them are not easy. Therefore, they "live" not in a dusty warehouse, but in a special room, at a certain temperature and humidity.

Each mannequin has a personal journal with records of participation in "hostilities." A kind of analogue of our outpatient card in the clinic. After ten strokes, even if the body has not received visible damage, the mannequin is disassembled into parts and calibrated at special stands. This is ensured by the laboratory of the complex, certified by the State Standard (preparations are already underway for certification of TUV).

But back to the cars, because all this is started for their sake. Rather, in order to ensure that people during accidents remain alive and, if possible, unharmed. How ready are VAZ cars to protect from the blows of fate?

According to an obsolete technique, only those cars that survive their century in Russia are now breaking at the VAZ. By the way, all models are subjected to such control strikes annually. And there are at least thirty of them! This is not counting new developments.

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