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Category: Test drive

Pull - Pull

2024

Video: Pull - Pull

Video: Pull - Pull
Video: PULL UP - KSI FT JME 2024, March
Pull - Pull
Pull - Pull
Anonim

TESTING

TEST

Pull - Pull!

Igor TVERDUNOV. Photo by Sergey Ivanov and author

A car with a heavy trailer - the picture today is more than ordinary. Sometimes, sniffing and puffing, even the elderly Zaporozhets pulls the “tail”. It is clear that a hefty “rogue” would have looked better in the role of a tractor, but, alas, desires do not always coincide with the possibilities.

Trailers in Russia are often carried by domestic cars. So let's see how each of them copes with this work. Today's story is only about tractors. The trailer can be represented as a kind of conditional load, its model does not have much significance. Therefore, we will not consider the design of trailers, the behavior of the road train on the road and other interesting points. However, we still presented some requirements for the trailer, but more on that later. So, quite specific tractors tow a certain conditional (but sometimes very significant) trailer.

"LOCOMOTIONS" AND "WAGON"

In the role of "locomotives" were, as already mentioned, serial domestic cars. Only Oku was not included in the list of applicants for the title “Best Tractor”. The trailer for her should be small and very light so that at least something can be loaded there. Anyway, the Oka with a trailer is not serious. Not in the sense that she cannot pull - she must, even in the instructions it is written. Just towing a small car is rather a rare exception than the norm.

All applicants, and this is VAZ 2106, VAZ 2109 3, VAZ 2121 3, "Moskvich 2141 22" with a 1.7 liter engine and GAZ 3102 9 / "> GAZ 31029 with a ZMZ-406 engine, were equipped with towbars (TSU) Trailer company from Stupino near Moscow. These TSU are easy to install, without fitting in place and, importantly, relatively inexpensive.

Now for our tractors you need to choose a "carriage". It does not matter what it will be: single or biaxial, with a high tent or low. The main thing is one for all cars. We stopped at the biaxial Tonar-83102. With a curb weight of 450 kg, it has a large carrying capacity of 1150 kg. So, with the help of ballast, the total mass can be varied within wide limits, which we needed, since the permissible masses of trailers equipped with brakes for different cars more than double.

WE GET A CHALLENGE

We will conditionally divide the tests that were to be experienced in experimental vehicles into four parts: determining the speed and dynamic characteristics of road trains, including the acceleration time in intermediate gears, measuring fuel consumption and checking braking properties.

In the first part, the maximum speed of the road train in third and fourth gears was determined. On the fifth, and such is the case with all the cars, except for the “six,” the tractors were obviously sour. In addition, the cars demonstrated sprinting qualities, accelerating with a trailer to 70 km / h permitted by the Rules (see graph).

They showed their traction capabilities, accelerating from 30 to 70 km / h in second and third gears.

With uniform movement at speeds of 30, 50 and 70 km / h, fuel consumption was recorded. From the “seventy” the road trains slowed down.

"Wagon" was loaded with ballast to the maximum permissible mass for each car. The loading of the “locomotive” is partial, the driver and one passenger.

RESULTS

As we have already noted, the maximum permissible mass of a trailer equipped with brakes varies greatly for tested machines. Engine power too. In order not to get confused in the characteristics, let's define a specific indicator and we will operate with it in the future. We will agree to evaluate the traction capabilities of the road train by the amount of horsepower per kilogram of laden trailer weight. It turns out that the most “traction” is the Niva, followed by the Volga and VAZ 2106. These three models per 1 kg of trailer weight have more than 0.1 liters. with. Following them are the Nine and Moskvich.

The fastest tractor turned out to be the Volga. Following her is a more heavily armed Niva. The rest, at least a little, but lose a quick couple. And outsiders walk VAZ 2106.

Acceleration from a standstill three cars - “Volga”, VAZ 2109 3 and “Moskvich” showed similar results. At first, the VAZ 2106 is even ahead of its competitors, but as the speed increases, the intensity of its acceleration decreases. Approximately the same picture in the "Niva". Apparently, the point here is the transmission characteristics. Otherwise, how to explain that after 60 km / h, cars whose specific power is high begin to noticeably lag behind their competitors.

Accelerating in second and third gears from 30 to 70 km / h (of course, with a trailer), all experimental vehicles showed approximately equal opportunities. The Volga and the Six turned out to be somewhat more alive than others, but their advantage over other tractors is small.

Now, perhaps the most difficult test for heavy vehicles is acceleration uphill. It was proposed to experimental vehicles to drag the trailer up the slopes of different steepness: 4, 6, 8, and 10%. The leaders in this nomination were VAZ veterans - “Six” and “Niva”. The fifty-strong “Volga” performed extremely unsuccessfully. But do not forget that the trailer of the GAZ 3102 9 / "> GAZ 31029 is the heaviest. It seems that the sixteen-valve" four hundred and sixth "engine simply does not have time to gain momentum and demonstrate all its considerable capabilities.

But with the fuel consumption the picture came out pretty interesting. VAZ 2109 3 confirmed the reputation of an economical car, burning gasoline much less than other participants in the test. Behind it is the Niva (!), Moskvich, Volga and VAZ 2106. But in ordinary life, "Niva" "eats" much more competitors.

The results of cars when braking at a speed of 70 km / h on a dry surface are very close. They are somewhat better for lighter road trains with VAZ tractors - 2106 and 21093.

WHO AHEAD?

It’s not easy to answer. Judging by the dry numbers, then the leaders will be in turn VAZ 2106, Niva, Volga, VAZ 2109 3. At the same time, the Nizhny Novgorod car pulls a much heavier trailer than its opponents. But he and the engine is much more powerful. In terms of the specific indicator, the Volga is ahead, but the competition does not always win. But she showed one very unpleasant quality. Although we did not specifically evaluate the behavior of the road train on the road, it was simply impossible not to notice sharp longitudinal jerks, especially with intensive acceleration. They decided that the archaic spring rear suspension was to blame for this - it does not go well with a powerful engine and a heavy trailer. Such phenomena, only much weaker ones, are noticeable on a car with a “four hundred and sixth” engine and without a trailer. In addition, the powerful sixteen-valve was extremely uncertainly made on the climbs.

The modest middling of our Moskvich test has never taken the lead anywhere, but its lag behind the “champions” is almost everywhere minimal. And at the same time, “behind the stern” the load, no less than a quarter ton, is heavier than that of the Zhiguli and Samara. So, although VAZs tow a trailer, which is 25% lighter than Moskvich, they are not ahead of Moskvich by the same margin on the road.

The competition between the VAZ models seems to be won by the rear-wheel drive slightly more powerful “six”, although its advantage over the “ninety-third” is very small, and it is not constant. VAZ 2106 demonstrates better elasticity, "more fun" is on the rise. The Nine, in turn, is faster and noticeably more economical. So which of them still won? But there is still “Niva”, which showed very good results. That's just the trailer she pulls less weighty.

We can assume that all cars with more or less success have taken the declared weights. But the proverb about free pies is still constantly spinning in my head.

BUT ON THE OTHER HAND

Like it or not, towing a trailer, especially heavy, for a passenger car is not an easy task. The load on the body, engine, transmission increases, driving performance decreases, fuel consumption increases. The table shows the results of races on the same "six" with and without a trailer. Comments, it seems to us, are superfluous: with a trailer, all indicators deteriorate more than twice!

In several sources, we found that the standard "Niva" VAZ 2121 3 is capable of pulling one and a half tons. To be precise, the permissible trailer weight was limited to 1, 490 kg. And although this mockery of the machine and contrary to all standards, we still tried … The result was close to what was expected. Although automotive science says that the perfect tractor should be all-wheel drive, everything has a limit. Overloaded "Niva" almost did not lose at maximum speed, fuel consumption increased slightly, but from the acceleration there were only memories: up to 70 km / h - in 23 seconds, up to 90 - 45 seconds. Elasticity at the same level, overcoming ups is a problem, and the steeper the hill, the more frankly the Niva dies. Significantly increased braking distance.

In a word, when you are going to load a car and a trailer, think about whether the car that was killed before the deadline is paid for a few extra bags of potatoes or cement …

The editors thank

Trailer LLC and PKF Tonar

for help in preparing the material.

Our reference

When loading a trailer, one should be guided not only by its full authorized weight, but also by the vertical load it creates on the towing vehicle. According to OST 37.001.220–80, it should be 25–100 kg, and, for example, according to German recommendations for our Russian cars - 25–50 kg. When the vertical load on the towing vehicle is less than 25 kg in the vehicle-trailer system, resonant oscillations can occur even at relatively low speeds, which can lead to a loss of stability. When the load is too high, in addition to the danger of tearing off the vehicle, there is the effect of a “bulging nose”, which will increase significantly when braking. It should also be borne in mind that when towing a trailer, the permissible mass of the cargo carried by the car decreases just by the value of the vertical load on the towing vehicle from the side of the trailer.

The total structural mass of the trailer in all cases must not exceed the mass allowed by the manufacturer of the tractor vehicle. In this case, the total mass of the trailer equipped with brakes should not exceed the curb weight of the towing vehicle, and the total mass of the trailer without brakes should not exceed half of the curb weight of the car. The maximum mass of a trailer equipped with brakes cannot exceed 1800 kg.

VAZ 2109 3. Permissible trailer mass - 750 kg. The most economical tractor. Demonstrates high dynamic qualities. On the hills it is inferior to Niva and VAZ 2106.

VAZ 2106. Permissible trailer weight - 750 kg. The best (along with Niva) mountain tractor according to the results of our test. Confidently brakes with a trailer. Noticeably inferior to competitors in maximum speed and acceleration.

VAZ 2121 3. Permissible trailer weight - 600 kg. He showed good results in overcoming the climbs. A car with a trailer is fast enough and moderately (for Niva) gluttonous. Far from the best sprinter - overclocking performance is not outstanding.

"Moskvich 2141 22". Permissible trailer weight - 1000 kg. According to the test results, the car turned out to be a strong middle peasant, in all respects slightly behind the leaders. Equal, fairly high results in all "nominations".

GAZ 3102 9 / "> GAZ 31029. The permissible trailer weight is 1300 kg. The fastest, most dynamic tractor. The worst results in climbing climbs.

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

trailer "Tonar-83102"

Curb weight - 450 kg; Gross weight - 1600 kg. Overall dimensions, mm: length - 4150; width - 1980; height with an awning - 2250. Platform dimensions, mm: length - 2480, width - 1860; loading height - 740. Ground clearance - 180 mm. Tire size - 13 . Suspension - independent, rubber-harness. Brakes - mechanical, drum, inertial type.

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