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Incendiary Family Tree

2024

Video: Incendiary Family Tree

Video: Incendiary Family Tree
Video: Incendiary - Hanging From The Family Tree 2024, March
Incendiary Family Tree
Incendiary Family Tree
Anonim

CLUB OF CAR FANS

IGNITION PEDIGREE

Where did so many ignition system switches come from? Why are they generally non-interchangeable? Is it possible to fasten the switch from ZIL to the Volga?

Mikhail KOLODOCHKIN

For many motorists, the simplicity of the classic ignition system compensates for all its shortcomings. What are the advantages of electronics with the owner of an old Volga, which ran the distance to the Moon and back without any extra gadgets between the breaker and the coil? And then electronic engineers, who decided to gain a clear victory over the mechanics, created a “nightmare on VAZov street” - a switch for “Samara”. The first batches of these products were of such ugly quality that many workshops pinned to install distributors from Zaporozhets to the eights … In the eyes of the mass consumer, electronics was put to shame for many years to come.

Today, electronic systems have won, but not by knockout, but by a long siege. The consumer, as before, remains face to face with his problems and at times tries to adapt the switch from ZIL to the stalled "Gazelle". The poor fellow doesn’t know that with the same success it is possible to fit the “Muscovite” hood to the “Zhiguli” … So, they swear on the deserted track with obscene curses against electronic engineers who erected a barrier between a dear couple - contacts and a coil.

Anyone who is accustomed to relying only on himself needs to have at least a general idea of the fundamental differences in various devices, united by the general term “switch”. At least this will save you a stupid waste of time on the procedure described above. And it’s not so difficult if you don’t especially go deep into the jungle.

Let's start with the alphabet. The ignition coil is, roughly speaking, a transformer. From school, we know that transformers work only in AC networks. Since the voltage of the car's on-board network is constant, a breaker is needed. Closing-breaking the circuit of the primary winding of the coil, it actually turns direct current into alternating current. In this case, a sharp change in the primary current leads to voltage surges in both windings of the coil. By the way, installers of anti-theft systems often block the operation of the ignition system precisely by connecting a diode that “eats” throws in parallel with the primary winding - as a result, all the circuits are intact, but the system does not work.

Secondary winding - boost. The voltage generated by it is supplied to the spark plugs. The energy required to ignite the working mixture accumulates in the coil when the breaker contacts are closed. The magnitude of this energy is proportional to the square of the current flowing through the coil. This explains the desire of the creators of economical and environmentally friendly engines to increase this current. Coils with low primary resistance appeared. But it was precisely at this stage that the once-trouble-free “mechanics” became stubborn …

The breaker was capricious. He was used to switching 3-4 amperes, but flatly refused to cooperate with the “low-impedance” coil, responding to a further increase in current by strong burning of the contacts. In order to increase the current through the coil without exposing the interrupter to violence, the simplest switches such as Zilovsky TK-102 were created.

Such devices are often called electronic keys. With closed contacts, the key is "open", with open - "closed". The coil current passes through a semiconductor element - a transistor, for which 6-8 amperes is normal operation. It is obvious that the contacts of the chopper in such an ignition system operate in light mode. And since the transistor switches rather quickly compared to the contacts, the secondary voltage of the coil, ceteris paribus, also rises.

If the contact group of the same ZIL vitally needed a switch, then on the first "Lada" there was no such problem. Their contacts wore out periodically, got dirty and needed adjustment, but for all that, fifty thousand miles were kept calm. However, the desire to get the best in return for the good led to the creation of a whole generation of contact electronic ignition systems designed to work with the native "Zhiguli" coil. And since Ohm's law did not allow increasing the current flowing through it, it was necessary to apply a radically different technical solution. We are talking about systems with the accumulation of energy in the capacitor.

A similar system works like this. The storage capacitor is charged through a special converter to a voltage of about 400 volts. When the contacts open, the capacitor is discharged to the primary winding of the coil through a special semiconductor element. This element is usually a thyristor, and the systems themselves are sometimes called thyristor. The rate of rise of the secondary voltage in such a system is an order of magnitude higher than in the transistor described here. However, the duration of the discharge becomes several times lower.

Until the early 80s, condenser ignition systems reigned supreme in the distribution network. Motorists were offered "Electronics B-5-31", "Iskra-5", PAZ-3 and many other well-known products. The advantage of these systems was that in the event of a malfunction, the car owner could almost instantly return to the standard ignition system.

In the meantime, the threat of complete extermination loomed over the contacts. It is not enough to form a spark discharge - you need to apply it to the candle in time. And what accuracy can a contact breaker with a mechanical drive produce? The BESZ-1 capacitor system with a proximity sensor based on a high-frequency generator became a touchstone. However, its creators prudently left the standard breaker in place - you never know what happens on the road …

A non-contact serial ignition system appeared on the VAZ 2108, and a little later on the GAZ 24-10. The innovation improved the parameters of serviceable cars, but greatly complicated the repair of faulty ones. The disappearance of the contact group precluded any possibility of starting the engine in the event of a switch failure.

Despite the fact that both new switches were transistor, there were no more similarities in them than between Samara and Volga. The "eight-way" switch 36.3734 is the "intermediary" between the Hall sensor installed in the distributor and the ignition coil type 27.3705. Unlike the primitive TK-102, it can change the time of energy storage in the coil, turn it off when the engine is stopped, and much more. By the way, the low-resistance “eight” coil is connected to it without an additional resistor, because the switch itself limits the current to the desired level.

The Volga 13.3734 switch is located between the TK-102 and the figure-eight one in complexity. Its load is a B-116 coil with a 14.3729 resistor connected in series. The switch is controlled by a magnetoelectric sensor signal consisting of a fixed coil and a rotating magnet. The faster the magnet spins, the higher the signal amplitude. Such “inconstancy” can lead to a dependence of the moment of operation of the switch on the rotational speed of the crankshaft, therefore, at the input of the switch there is a special cascade that compensates for this undesirable phenomenon.

So, the TK-102, 36.3734 and 13.3734 products, although they are called the same - transistor switches - are by no means interchangeable! Zilovsky TK-102 will not "understand" the signal from the Volga sensor. The Volga switch, in turn, does not get along with the Samara ignition coil. It is also pointless to repair a ZIL with the help of a "figure-eight" block.

The reasons for the incompatibility of the switches are many. It is difficult to make a device capable of receiving signals from all existing sensors of the moment of sparking and switching any ignition coils - low resistance, high resistance or with different inductances. And this was not the task. After all, it doesn’t occur to anyone to develop universal tires for the Volga and Tavria … However, engineers are not sitting idle. Switches with original methods of energy storage, universal input stages, octane correctors, and many others have already appeared. Recall the most famous of them.

KEU-1 (Kovrov) - a universal electronic switch, is a capacitor ignition system with combined energy storage and transistor switching power. This allows you to combine the positive aspects of a purely capacitor and purely transistor systems: a rapid increase in secondary voltage plus a large spark discharge duration. The circuitry embedded in the switch allows it to work both in conjunction with Hall sensors (VAZ 2108) and in the contact system (VAZ 2101 3). The switch can be equipped with an ignition timing corrector.

The Booster-3 ignition parameter optimization system (Moscow) is a set of a non-contact infrared sensor mounted on a classic Lada instead of a chopper, and a simple transistor switch - a typical electronic switch that can withstand loads of up to 2 ohms.

The microprocessor system "Octan-4" (St. Petersburg) combines an electronic switch, an octane corrector and a multimeter. In full, the system is installed only on vehicles with a contact breaker. When installed on "Samara" or "Volga" is used their standard switch. The duration of the discharge depends on the engine speed.

The Plasma Ignition system (Zelenograd) is designed to work with contact sensors and virtually any ignition coils from contact classical systems. By order, blocks for proximity sensors and corresponding coils can be made. Energy storage is carried out in a high-voltage electrolytic capacitor of large capacity. As in “Octan-4”, with an increase in the crankshaft speed, the discharge duration decreases.

Summing up, we emphasize once again that the term “commutator” is as generalizing as “bearing” or “stuffing box”. Therefore, you can’t thoughtlessly connect an unknown device to the car wiring. Without reading the instructions, you can only use a sweeping brush or air fragrance …

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